Back around 2020....I watched an interview of a typical well-to-do Iranian business guy....who had a couple of shops/stores.
Back around 2000....he and a number of other successful businessmen.....got this idea. As monthly profits rolled in.....they took Rial...converted it to some other currency, walked it to a middle-guy who'd move the money to Dubai or Qatar, and either buy real estate, or invest in some way.
Putting it into an Iranian bank? No.
So Iranian banks began to have this mortgage problem....rigging up home loans for young Iranians to buy/build houses. As each year went....fewer homes were built...because the banks didn't have the money to loan out.
Eventually, Iranian banks made up a new 'deal'.....you as a young couple come in and start a house saving account....putting X-amount in yearly, and after seven years....they'd loan out money. Sounding like a sanctioned pyramid-scheme? Yeah...it works that way.
The banks in some 'pit'? Well....yeah....they can explain all of this to the Mullah crowd...but economically speaking...their fundamental understanding probably doesn't pass the 5th-grade level of handling money. In their mind....the gov't should just print more money....which in some way....that's what the gov't did.
Current exchange rate? One dollar will buy you 42,000 Rial. Or in revere.....1,000 Rial will buy you 2.4 US cents.
So a lot of the build-up of Qatar/Dubai....on the 'betting-aspects' of Iranian businessmen? Yeah.
Fixing this? I doubt if the leadership of Saudi Arabia, Qatar or Dubai....really desire this. They've got a great deal going on.